Mongolia
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Name: The Mongolian People's Republic History: Mongols were a group of nomadic tribes scattered in Central Asia. In thirteenth century Chinggis Khan and his Grandson Kublai Khan conquered huge Eurasian Empire but after their death Empire was divided into several powerful states till they came under Chinese rule. In 1911 Mongols got freedom from China with the help of Soviet and formed communist power. later in 1996 Democratic Union defeated communist regime and since then Mongolia adopted Democracy. Location: It is a large landlocked country located in East Central Asia, between China and Russia. Border Countries: China and Russia Area: 1,564,116 sq km Capital: Ulaan baatar Largest City: Ulaan baatar Population: 2,832,224 (July est 2006) Population Growth Rate: 1.46% (2006 est) Population below poverty line: 36.1% (2006) Internet Country Code: .mn Calling Code: +976 Terrain: Mongolia is a high plateau broken by Altay Mountains in the west and Hangayn Nura Range in the Centre. To the East are grassy plains and in the South is the Gobi Desert. Mongolian heartland consists of flat steppes. There are many lakes and forests in Mongolia. Climate: Mongolia has desert continental with hot and short in summer and cold and long in winter. Ulaanbaatar has the coldest average temperature from any national Capital in the world. Rainfall varies from 5 inches to 20 inches. Ethnic Group: Mongol - Khakha - 94.9%, Turkic - Kazakh - 50% and others - Russian and Chinese - 0.1% Religion: Buddhism (lamaist) account for 50% others are Shamanist, Christian and Muslim. Language: Mongolian - Khalkha Mongol is spoken by 90% and it is also the official language of Mogolia. English is the second language and is taught in schools, Turkish and Russian is also spoken here. Literacy: 97.8% Life expectancy: total population - 64.89 years, Male - 62.64 years and Females - 67.25 years. Nationality: Mongolian Independence: 11 July 1921 from China Currency: Tugrik / Tugrug (MNT) Constitution: 12 February 1992 Government: Mixed Parliamentary / Presidential Democracy Executive Branch: President is the chief of the State and he has to be Native born Mongolian, at least 45 yaers of age and who lived in Monglia for at least 5 years before taking office. Head of the government is Prime minister and the Cabinet is nominated by Prime Minister in consultation of President and is confined by State Great Hural (Parliament) Legislative Branch: Unicameral State Great Hural with 76 seats and the members are elected by popular vote for 4 years Judiciary Branch: Suprime Court is the highest court and Judges are nominated by General Council of Courts, and is approved by the President. There is a Constitutional Court also in Mongolia as Suprime Court does not have jurisdiction to Interpret the Constitution. National Flag: It has three equal bands of red, blue and red and on the hoist side, on the red band is the national embelem in yellow. National Emblem: "Soyombo"- a goemerical representation of fire, sun, moon, earth and yin yang symbols arranged in columnar arrangements. Motto: Dayar Mongol National Anthem: Bugd Nairanamdakh Mongol Coat of Arm: It was adopted in 1992 after the fall of Communist government. It has a blue field which symbolizes the sky and in the centre of the field in Soyombo and treasured steed. Above this blue field is Chandmani, and below is green mountain ranges with the wheel of destiny in the center. At the bottom of the range is Khadug - a Mongolian welcome scarf. National Holiday: Independence Day/ Revolution Day - 11 July Economy: It is centered on agriculture and mining. Agriculture employs - 55% of the work force and industry employs - 22%. Mongolia has extensive mineral deposits like coal, copper, tin, gold, tungstun and molybdenum which account for a large part of industrial production. Growth rate in Mongolia is 5.5%(2005) based on high copper and new gold production and Mongolia has joined World Trade Organisation. Export Products: Copper, livestock, animal products, wool, hides, apparel, cashmere wool and non ferrous metals. |